{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T09:45:56Z","timestamp":1776937556000,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]],"date-time":"2020-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The enigma of skin sunburning, skin ageing and skin cancer and essential vitamin D production both resulting from solar ultraviolet\u2010B (280\u2010315\u00a0nm) (UVB) exposure has long puzzled photobiologists. Advice to patients by non\u2010photobiological clinicians is now often to sunbathe to acquire vitamin D adequacy. However, modern work shows only mild UVB exposure is needed to maintain satisfactory levels, which have been demonstrated as very similar in summer and winter from about 25\u00b0 to 70\u00b0 north. Even very careful high protection factor 15 sunscreen use does not prevent adequate production, although it is slightly reduced, such that obsessive use of very protective screens of 50 +\u00a0might. Dark skin pigmentation too usually at most minimally impairs production. However, confinement indoors and widespread clothing cover can, but oral supplementation overcomes any such deficiency. Thus, vitamin D adequacy needs just mild regular UVB skin exposure well under sunburning levels, unlikely to cause significant skin damage. This suggests mild UVB exposure may also be needed for other bodily requirements, which is indeed so. Thus, it also prevents the development of contact dermatitis and polymorphic light eruption through suppressing adaptive immunity. It also prevents the occurrence of multiple skin infections resulting from this suppression through stimulating innate immunity and cutaneous bacterial defensin production. Finally, blood pressure is reduced through low\u2010dose UVB\u2010induced production of the vasodilator nitric oxide (though UVA, 315\u2010400\u00a0nm, is more efficient). Thus, mild UVB exposure is important for several aspects of internal health, whereas high\u2010dose exposure is extremely detrimental to cutaneous health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]],"date-time":"2020-07-05T08:26:50Z","timestamp":1593937610000},"page":"417-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Safe, mild ultraviolet\u2010B exposure: An essential human requirement for vitamin D and other vital bodily parameter adequacy: A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"J.L.M.","family":"Hawk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Professor of Dermatological Photobiology, Photodermatology Unit, St John\u2019s Institute of Dermatology King\u2019s College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","unstructured":"HawkJ.Vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation exposure \u2013 a photodermatologist\u2019s viewpoint. 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