{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:25:11Z","timestamp":1789086311867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methylene blue\u2010mediated photodynamic therapy as an antimicrobial has been reported to improve onychomycosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the short\u2010term efficacy of methylene blue\u2010mediated photodynamic therapy (MB\u2010PDT) and 5% amorolfine nail lacquer (AMO) for toenail onychomycosis using higher intensity and shorter total treatment period than previously reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven toenails with onychomycosis were randomized to receive either six biweekly sessions of MB\u2010PDT or AMO for twelve weeks. Dermoscopic photography was used for onychomycosis severity index assessment under a dermoscopic inspection (d\u2010OSI) at baseline, weeks 6, 10, 14 and 22 as well as microscopic and microbiological tests. Adverse events were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All subjects completed the study. Causative organisms found were exclusively non\u2010dermatophytes including Fusarium spp., Asperillus spp.,and yeasts. Fifteen toenails received MB\u2010PDT, whilst 12 received AMO. D\u2010OSI showed greater improvement in MB\u2010PDT than in AMO groups at weeks 6, 10, 14 as well as 22, with median changes of \u22122, \u22123, \u22124 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.055). and\u00a0\u2212\u00a03 respectively in the MB\u2010PDT group. The AMO group displayed the median d\u2010OSI change of 0 throughout the study period. Mycological cure rate at 22\u00a0weeks in MB\u2010PDT and AMO group was 73.3% and 66.67% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). Clinical cure rate at 22\u00a0weeks in MB\u2010PDT (26.7%) was higher than AMO (16.7%), (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). All patients only felt comfortably warm during the MB\u2010PDT treatment. No major adverse events were found in both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MB\u2010PDT appeared to be more efficacious for non\u2010dermatophyte onychomycosis than AMO particularly in a limited period and moderately severe onychomycosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T07:23:00Z","timestamp":1604474580000},"page":"183-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Methylene blue\u2010mediated photodynamic therapy may be superior to 5% amorolfine nail lacquer for non\u2010dermatophyte onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Natthamon","family":"Bowornsathitchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Photodermatology Unit Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Faculty of 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