{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:55:17Z","timestamp":1781114117355,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benzodiazepines have been reported to cause photosensitivity reactions. We characterized the clinical presentation and diagnosis of benzodiazepine\u2010associated photosensitivity and adjudicated these cases for a causal association with benzodiazepines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search on PubMed's \u201cMeSH\u201d search feature and CINAHL (1964 to 2019) was performed using search terms: benzodiazepine, photosensitivity, and photosensitivity disorders\/chemically induced. We applied the Naranjo scale, a standardized causality assessment algorithm, to identified cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified eight published cases, with 50% of patients being female with a mean age of 46.3\u00a0years. Alprazolam, tetrazepam, clobazam, and clorazepate induced phototoxic reactions. Chlordiazepoxide induced one photoallergic reaction. Photosensitivity occurred between 1\u20103\u00a0days (37.5%), 7\u201014\u00a0days (25%), and &gt;14\u00a0days (25%). Photosensitivity resolved after drug discontinuation within 2\u00a0weeks (62.5%). Benzodiazepine rechallenge confirmed photosensitivity in 75% of cases. Photopatch testing was negative in two patients; however, these patients had positive oral provocation testing. However, an oral photoprovocation test, an ideal diagnostic test, was not administered to several patients. Despite these challenges, the Naranjo scale identified 5 cases as definite benzodiazepine\u2010induced photosensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five benzodiazepines induced photosensitivity reactions. Five patients showed a definite association with the Naranjo scale. Reporting to pharmacovigilance databases may help identify other benzodiazepines causing photosensitivity reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T13:34:40Z","timestamp":1620567280000},"page":"505-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Benzodiazepine\u2010induced photosensitivity reactions: A compilation of cases from literature review with Naranjo causality assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Noorulain","family":"Momin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Texas A&amp;M University Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuong","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Texas A&amp;M University Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashmal A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Texas A&amp;M University Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6939-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"I. Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Seeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University Libraries, College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merlyn","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Texas A&amp;M University Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/12020173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2015.31.2.097"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Phototoxic and photoallergic skin reactions","volume":"31","author":"Lugovic L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Photoallergic drug reactions","volume":"65","author":"Mokos ZB","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Med Croatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-019-00806-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1969.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557515666150219125030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug\u2010Induced Liver Injury","author":"Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale (Naranjo) in Drug Induced Liver Injury"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05840.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Photosensitivity due to alprazolam","volume":"181","author":"Kanwar AJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Phototoxicity to tetrazepam \u2013 a new adverse reaction","volume":"197","author":"Schwedler S","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)80312-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1965.01600100078021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jd.1999.v40.a94737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008600205032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612023396744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03827-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1988.tb00717.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00462.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2003.00279.x"}],"container-title":["Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &amp; Photomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/phpp.12691","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/phpp.12691","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/phpp.12691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T13:01:23Z","timestamp":1693227683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/phpp.12691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/phpp.12691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phpp.12691","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-4383","1600-0781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-4383","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0781","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}