{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:33:08Z","timestamp":1789018388003,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals who participate in outdoor sports are subject to an increased risk of developing skin cancer. To date, there has been no review examining skin cancer and sun protective behaviours specific to outdoor, water\u2010based sports. Therefore, this scoping reviews objectives were to (a) summarize volume and type of the scientific literature available relating to skin cancer, (b) examine current sun protective behaviours and (c) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A scoping review was conducted to address the objectives following the PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were searched; identified studies were screened based on title, abstract and full text for outdoor water\u2010based sports, which examined skin cancer and\/or sun protective behaviours. Data were extracted, synthesized and critically appraised using a modified AXIS tool. Percentage frequencies were calculated, and key results were placed in tabular or graphical presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine cross\u2010sectional studies were identified, all defined as low\u2010level evidence. A combined sample of 4377 participants across six countries and five water\u2010based sports showed BCC (71%) was the most common skin cancer, followed by melanoma (18%) and SCC (10%). The head (41%) and upper limbs (27%) were the most common location.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review highlights the minimal research available and demonstrates those in water\u2010based sports are at high risk of developing skin cancer. Due to difficulty adhering to sun protective behaviours, the most prevalent location is the upper body. Included studies were of low\u2010level evidence, providing opportunity for future research to expand upon the gaps in the current literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T21:29:48Z","timestamp":1632864588000},"page":"197-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Skin cancer and sun protective behaviours in water\u2010based sports: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Hannah Grace","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Based Research Unit Faculty of Health Science Institute of Health and Sport Bond University Robina Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian Arabella","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Based Research Unit Faculty of Health Science Institute of Health and Sport Bond University Robina Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Furness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Based Research Unit Faculty of Health Science Institute of Health and Sport Bond University Robina Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Kemp\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Based Research Unit Faculty of Health Science Institute of Health and Sport Bond University Robina Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Climstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Based Research Unit Faculty of Health Science Institute of Health and Sport Bond University Robina Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Exercise Physiology School of Health and Human Sciences Southern Cross University Bilinga Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"ElfleinJ.Rates of skin cancer in the countries with the highest rates of skin cancer worldwide in 2018 U.S. Statistica.https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1032114\/countries\u2010with\u2010the\u2010greatest\u2010rates\u2010of\u2010skin\u2010cancer\/. 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