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Multimodal therapeutic options are available to relieve the pain associated with muscular disorders, including physical, complementary, and pharmacological therapies. However, existing interventions are not disease modifying and have several limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this context, the use of nonthermal infrared light delivered via patches, fabrics, and garments containing infrared\u2010emitting bioceramic minerals have been investigated. Positive effects on muscular cells, muscular recovery, and reduced inflammation and pain have been reported both in preclinical and clinical studies. There are several hypotheses on how infrared may contribute to musculoskeletal pain relief, however, the full mechanism of action remains unclear. This article provides an overview of the physical characteristics of infrared radiation and its biological effects, focusing on those that could potentially explain the mechanism of action responsible for the relief of musculoskeletal pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the current evidence, the following pathways have been considered: upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increase in nitric oxide bioavailability, anti\u2010inflammatory effects, and reduction in oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T05:48:09Z","timestamp":1651729689000},"page":"3-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Physical properties and biological effects of ceramic materials emitting infrared radiation for pain, muscular activity, and musculoskeletal conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Kyselovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava  Bratislava Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Masarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics Comenius University Bratislava  Bratislava Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayet","family":"Kechemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consumer Healthcare Medical Affairs Department, Sanofi CHC  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Koscova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consumer Healthcare Medical Affairs Department  Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva\u00a0Igracki","family":"Turudic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consumer Healthcare Medical Affairs Department, Sanofi CHC  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Richard","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science University of Johannesburg  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Musculoskeletal conditions. 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