{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:47:56Z","timestamp":1790912876849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP\u20102021\/31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP\u20102021\/31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the bacterial, clinical, and cytokine profile of adjunctive photodynamic therapy using chloro\u2010aluminum phthalocyanine (CAP\/aPDT) with root surface debridement (RSD) versus RSD alone in cigarette smokers (CS) and never\u2010smokers (NS) during the period of 6\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine patients [CS \u2013 14 and NS \u2013 15] were recruited for the trial having stage\u2010III periodontitis. All candidates from the study groups were subjected to a split\u2010mouth treatment technique receiving CAP\/aPDT + RSD and RSD alone. Periodontal parameters including plaque levels (PL), bleeding on probing (BP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. Polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to analyze the copy numbers of <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Tf<\/jats:italic>). Levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) interleukin (IL)\u20106 in the crevicular fluid were evaluated by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAP\/aPDT+RSD decreased BP in smokers after 6 months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Probing depth and CAL reported statistically significant reductions within both CAP\/aPDT+RSD and RSD groups and also within the NS and CS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tf<\/jats:italic> stayed elevated in smokers at the 6\u2010month evaluation period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Only CAP\/aPDT+RSD significantly decreased <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tf<\/jats:italic> at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month follow\u2010up in smokers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). CAP\/aPDT+RSD showed decreased IL\u20106 levels in the NS during the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were significantly reduced in the CS group with CAP\/aPDT+RSD and RSD alone until 6\u2009months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAP\u2010mediated aPDT along with nonsurgical periodontal therapy helped to improve the bacteriological outcomes among smokers and never\u2010smokers with stage\u2010III CP patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T03:54:19Z","timestamp":1657511659000},"page":"591-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using chloro\u2010aluminum phthalocyanine for treating advanced stage\u2010<scp>III<\/scp> periodontitis in smoking patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz A.","family":"Al\u2010Kheraif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obaid Abdullah","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Al\u2010Shehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aftab Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi 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