{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:42:12Z","timestamp":1787805732115,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visible light (VL) is known to induce pigmentation in dark\u2010skinned individuals and immediate erythema in light\u2010skinned individuals. However, the effects of accumulated low\u2010dose VL exposure across skin types are not well established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one healthy subjects with light (Fitzpatrick skin types [FST] I\u2010II, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013) and dark (FST V\u2010VI, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a018) skin types were enrolled. Subjects' buttocks were exposed daily to VL, wavelength 400\u2013700\u2009nm, with a dose of 120\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at 50\u2009mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, for four consecutive days. Microarray using Affymetrix GeneChip (49,395 genes) was performed followed by qRT\u2010PCR on skin samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeated low\u2010dose VL irradiation induced immediate pigment darkening and delayed tanning in dark\u2010skinned individuals while no discernable pigmentation and erythema were observed in light\u2010skinned individuals. Top ten upregulated genes by repeated VL exposure in microarray included melanogenic genes such as tyrosinase (<jats:italic>TYR<\/jats:italic>), tyrosinase\u2010related protein\u20101 (<jats:italic>TYRP1<\/jats:italic>), dopachrome tautomerase (<jats:italic>DCT<\/jats:italic>), premelanosome protein (<jats:italic>PMEL<\/jats:italic>), melan\u2010A (<jats:italic>MLANA<\/jats:italic>), and solute carrier family 24, member 5 (<jats:italic>SLC24A5<\/jats:italic>) and genes involved in inflammation\/matrix remodeling\/cell signaling including chemokine (C\u2010C motif) ligand 18 (<jats:italic>CCL18<\/jats:italic>), BCL2\u2010related protein A1 (<jats:italic>BCL2A1<\/jats:italic>), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (<jats:italic>COMP<\/jats:italic>). In qRT\u2010PCR CCL18 was upregulated in light skin with a greater extent (mean fold change \u00b1 SD; 4.03\u2009\u00b1\u20093.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.04) than in dark\u2010skinned individuals (1.91\u2009\u00b1\u20091.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.07) while TYR was not significantly upregulated in both skin types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights the genes upregulated by cumulative VL exposure involved in pigmentation, immune response, oxidation\/reduction, and matrix remodeling across skin types providing relevant information on daily solar exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T08:38:55Z","timestamp":1658392735000},"page":"204-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical and molecular change induced by repeated low\u2010dose visible light exposure in both light\u2010skinned and dark\u2010skinned individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sooyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara M.","family":"Rainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Medical University of Graz  Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9313-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ogurtsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland 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