{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:56:10Z","timestamp":1747187770044,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current ISO guidelines for minimal erythema dose (MED) determination require assessment of erythema area of UV\u2010irradiated skin sites. However, this parameter has not been adequately quantified in daily practice. The aims of this study were to investigate the dose response on the unprotected skin sites by quantifying the erythema area and intensity and to show the potential for improving the precision and consistency of MEDu determination by developing predictive models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Standard radiation tests were conducted on the back of 31 healthy Chinese volunteers and the MEDu site of each subject was clinically determined by dermatologists. Images of test sites were captured 24\u2009h after radiation, and the erythema area (%EA) and intensity (\u2206<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>*) were measured by image analysis. The data were fitted to a logistic 3P function to obtain dose\u2013response curves, and a set of logit (inverse\u2010logistic) models were then derived. An erythema area threshold of %EA\u2009=\u200952% was established to predict MEDu based on the clinical endpoints defined by ISO 24444:2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of the clinically determined MEDu sites revealed wide ranges of %EA (62.3\u2009\u00b1\u200915% SD) and \u2206<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>* (2.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92 SD). The dose response fitted well to a logistic 3P model (mean <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.965 and 0.975 for %EA and \u2206<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>*, respectively). Applying the area threshold, values of MEDu were determined by the logit model for the test population, which significantly improved the consistency of MEDu determination (52\u2009\u00b1\u20090% SD and 2.73\u2009\u00b1\u20090.61 SD for %EA and \u2206<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>*, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated that the dose response of UV\u2010induced erythema can be quantified and modeled once the erythema area and intensity are measured. The results of this study show the potential to improve the precision and consistency of MEDu determination in an SPF test. The similar potential in photodermatological, therapeutic, and diagnostic applications was also implied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T06:50:07Z","timestamp":1693896607000},"page":"633-641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The dose response of erythemal area and intensity on the unprotected skin fits well to a logistic <scp>3P<\/scp> model in <scp>SPF<\/scp> tests of a Chinese population, which has the potential to improve the precision and consistency of minimal erythema dose determination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1801-0296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amway Innovation &amp; Science  Ada Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amway (Shanghai) Innovation &amp; Science Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amway (Shanghai) Innovation &amp; Science Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangzi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congxiu","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration.CFR \u2013 Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 Part 352 Sunscreen Drug Products for Over\u2010the\u2010Counter Human Use.2022.https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title\u201021\/chapter\u2010I\/subchapter\u2010D\/part\u2010352 Accessed June 13 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"The International Organization for Standardization Cosmetics \u2013 Sun protection test methods \u2013 In vivo determination of the sun protection factor (SPF) ISO 24444:2019(en).2019.https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#iso:std:iso:24444:ed\u20102:v1:en. 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