{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:31:13Z","timestamp":1788993073747,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long wavelength ultraviolet\u2010A1 in combination with visible light induces hyperpigmentation, particularly in dark\u2010skin phototypes. This study evaluated the efficacy of four sunscreen formulations in protecting against VL\u2009+\u2009UVA1 (370\u2013700\u2009nm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The test products (A\u2013D) were applied to the back of 12 volunteers, then irradiated with 320\u2009J\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      VL\u2009+\u2009UVA1 (3.5% UVA1 [370\u2013400\u2009nm]). Immediately after irradiation, and at Days 1, 7, and 14, erythema and pigmentation were assessed by investigator global assessment (IGA), colorimetry (\u0394a* and \u0394ITA) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS)\u2010measured relative dyschromia (area under the curve AUC). Control areas were irradiated without sunscreen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Product D, containing titanium dioxide 11%, iron oxides 1%, and antioxidants, provided the highest and most consistent protection. Compared with unprotected irradiated control, it had statistically significantly less erythema on IGA, DRS (\u0394oxyhemoglobin), and colorimetry (\u0394a*) at Day 0; less pigmentation on IGA at all time points, on DRS (relative dyschromia) at Days 7 and 14, and on colorimetry (\u0394ITA) at Day 0. Product B, containing zinc oxide 12% plus organic UV filters, iron oxides 4%, and antioxidants, also showed some efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the sunscreens tested, the tinted products provided better protection against VL\u2009+\u2009UVA1 than the non\u2010tinted products. Since the product with 1% iron oxides was superior to the product with 4% iron oxides, further studies are needed to evaluate whether iron oxide content correlates with better protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T02:47:27Z","timestamp":1702090047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evaluation of the protection of sunscreen products against long wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light\u2010induced biological effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Nneamaka","family":"Ezekwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aunna","family":"Pourang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis B.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanthi","family":"Narla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amruth","family":"Atyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan 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Photobiology Unit Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2316-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indermeet","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan 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