{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:15:30Z","timestamp":1773303330965,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitiligo can be challenging to treat and exhibit an unpredictable clinical course. Phototherapy in the form of visible light can achieve both repigmentation and depigmentation outcomes in vitiligo, with minimal associated adverse events. This review focuses on the mechanistic understandings and clinical outcomes of visible light\u2010based treatments for vitiligo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Articles were retrieved from PubMed starting from May 1965 until August 2023, yielding 496 unique articles. We conducted title, abstract, and full\u2010text screening to identify articles describing the use of visible light (380\u2013750\u2009nm), either as part of combination therapy or as monotherapy, for repigmentation or depigmentation treatment in vitiligo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven articles met inclusion criteria, offering preclinical and clinical data regarding the utilization of helium\u2010neon laser (red light) and blue light\u2010emitting diodes (LEDs) as methods of repigmentation therapy in vitiligo. Preclinical and clinical data on the utilization of Q\u2010switched ruby laser (694\u2009nm) and frequency\u2010doubled (FD) Nd:YAG laser (532\u2009nm) for vitiligo depigmentation therapy were also identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While limited by small studies and a lack of standardized administration of phototherapy, the evidence for visible light's effectiveness in managing vitiligo is encouraging. Red light therapy using He\u2013Ne lasers and blue light therapy via LEDs can stimulate repigmentation in patients with vitiligo with minimal adverse events. Q\u2010switched ruby and FD Nd:YAG lasers provide viable, visible light depigmentation options, either alone or with topical agents. With limited clinical data, larger studies are needed to validate the efficacy of visible light therapy in treating vitiligo and to better understand its long\u2010term outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T21:14:48Z","timestamp":1702415688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A focused review of visible light therapies for vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mitchell J.","family":"Winkie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goranit","family":"Sakunchotpanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole S.","family":"Gunasekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Buzney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinod E.","family":"Nambudiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2012.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90112-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.022"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Presence of T cells and macrophages in inflammatory vitiligo skin parallels melanocyte disappearance","volume":"148","author":"Le Poole IC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2008.00511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903357509"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","article-title":"Interventions for vitiligo","volume":"2","author":"Whitton ME","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.12399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0822-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(08)70115-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02846.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-015-1758-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199811000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680120153032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2001.01101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_814_2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18822"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2021.9142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14899"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Low\u2010level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring","volume":"32","author":"Avci P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-0885-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03874.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03876.x"}],"container-title":["Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &amp; Photomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/phpp.12939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T11:28:26Z","timestamp":1706614106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/phpp.12939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/phpp.12939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phpp.12939","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-4383","1600-0781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-4383","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0781","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12939"}}