{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T02:40:53Z","timestamp":1783392053836,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background \/Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melasma and solar lentigo (SL) are major benign hyperpigmented lesions, and both have been shown to involve the dermal vasculature. This review discusses current knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and SL, as well as the results of relevant molecular biological investigations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed and Google Scholar were searched in December 2023 to identify articles related to melasma, SL, and the dermal vasculature in these lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vascular morphologies in melasma and SL have been detected by histological and non\u2010invasive methods, including modalities such as optical coherence tomography. Biological studies have indicated that factors secreted from vascular endothelial cells, such as stem cell factor and endothelin\u20101, can promote melanogenesis. With respect to phototherapy, blood vessel\u2010targeting laser treatments are expected to provide long\u2010term suppression of pigmentation, but this regimen is only effective when dilated capillaries are visible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both melasma and SL, clinical and experimental investigations are revealing the contributions of dermal vascularity to hyperpigmentation. More effective treatment may require identification of hyperpigmentation subtypes. In the future, knowledge of treatment (including phototherapy) is expected to accumulate through reliable and validated non\u2010invasive measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T11:28:51Z","timestamp":1707910131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and solar lentigo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5953-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd.  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0830-5017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takako","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd.  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.84722"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80224-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-0963.2001.04556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.01057.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12731"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","volume-title":"Histologic Diagnosis of Inflammatory Skin Diseases: an Algorithmic Method Based on Pattern Analysis","author":"Ackerman AB","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690060057005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2018.30.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-023-02584-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13629"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.646938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12479191"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Measurement of skin color: practical application and theoretical considerations","volume":"44","author":"Takiwaki H","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Investig"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3281673"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"S11504","article-title":"Quantitative classification of melasma with photoacoustic microscopy: a pilot study","volume":"29","author":"Wang Z","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.001056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201000103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2021.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.004083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.12.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2016.00146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.332"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12491"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13443"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22608-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12877"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.04.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836297"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12935"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.23.12.120901"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11243949"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1254330"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23724"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","first-page":"945","article-title":"Long\u2010pulse pulsed dye laser delivered with compression for treatment of facial lentigines","volume":"33","author":"Kono T","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Solar Lentigines: evaluating pulsed dye laser (PDL) as an effective treatment option","volume":"4","author":"Ghaninejhadi H","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","first-page":"3129","article-title":"Treatment of melasma with tranexamic acid","volume":"13","author":"Nijo S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15589"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1087-0024.2000.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.122.2.417"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0125"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2009.00669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2002.110502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.11.1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181ef2d45"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2015.27.5.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13464"}],"container-title":["Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &amp; Photomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/phpp.12953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T06:06:48Z","timestamp":1711519608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/phpp.12953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/phpp.12953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phpp.12953","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-4383","1600-0781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-4383","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0781","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12953"}}