{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:18:39Z","timestamp":1788466719773,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7232114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7232114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melasma represents a prevalent facial hyperpigmentation disorder that predominantly affects Asian females. This study aims to assess the applicability of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in the cases of melasma, Hori's nevus, and freckles and to summarize the features of OCT images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single\u2010center, evaluator\u2010blinded, observational study was carried out at the Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2024 to June 2025. All participants underwent noninvasive dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, and OCT examinations of lesional and perilesional areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      47 patients with melasma, 6 patients with Hori's nevus, and 13 patients with freckles were included. 18 patients with melasma (38.3%) were categorized into the active stage, whereas 29 patients with melasma (61.7%) were classified into the stable stage. A disruption of the basement membrane zone exceeding 50% and blood vessel dilation were more frequently observed in the active stage (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In the context of differential diagnosis, a disruption of the basement membrane zone exceeding 50% can be regarded as a differentiating factor among melasma, Hori's nevus, and freckles (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OCT can unveil the characteristic features of different melasma stages and offer crucial information for melasma staging and differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:22:08Z","timestamp":1772961728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Utilization of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Assessment of Melasma Activity and Differential Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3982-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2021.1914313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP\u201005\u201021\u20106002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15242"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma in China (2021 Version)","volume":"54","author":"Pigmentary Disorder Group, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology, Research Center for Vitiligo, Chinese Society of Disorders, China Dermatologist Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Pi Fu Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000514686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104648"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14182083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9090419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2025.2790"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14161821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266\u2010020\u201001661\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.10.054"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Dermatoscopic Features of Melasma and Hori's Nevus in Asian Patients","volume":"15","author":"Rattananukrom T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"}],"container-title":["Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &amp; 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