{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T10:03:46Z","timestamp":1779789826704,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background\/Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The UVB and UVA components of terrestrial solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) cause acute and chronic damage to skin. These adverse effects can be reduced by sunscreen application. The sun protection factor (SPF) is primarily a measure of UVB protection against erythema and does not quantify protection from UVA, which is the major component of solar UVR. The study aim was to assess UVA protection in relation to labelled SPF and to determine if this met the EU recommendation for a SPF\/UVA\u2010PF ratio of \u2264\u20093, as recommended by the EU. Unlike SPF assessment, there is no universal consensus for the determination and labelling of UVA\u2010PF.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Thirty\u2010eight sunscreens with SPF \u2265\u200950 were selected from Europe, Latin America, Oceania, and Asia. UVA\u2010PF was determined with the ISO 24442:2011 in\u00a0vivo method, which assesses the ability of a sunscreen to inhibit persistent pigment darkening induced by UVA radiation in a laboratory environment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n There was variation of UVA\u2010PF ranging from 3.6 to 46.6. Sixty\u2010eight percent (26\/38) of sunscreens complied with EU recommendations. Thus, about one third failed these standards, with SPF\/UVA\u2010PF ratios varying from 3.1 (borderline failure) to 16.7 (major failure). Failure to comply was observed in several products sold in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The study demonstrates the limitations of many commercial sunscreens to reach EU standards, with significant variations in UVA protection and a lack of relationship between SPF and UVA\u2010PF values. This highlights the importance of improving labelling standards to ensure consumers receive consistent and adequate UVA protection, especially for those with UVA\u2010dependent photodermatoses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n : NCT06068010\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T03:51:17Z","timestamp":1776052277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Measurement of\n UVA<\/scp>\n Protection Factor (\n ISO<\/scp>\n 24442:2011) Across 38 Different\n SPF<\/scp>\n 50 and\n SPF<\/scp>\n 50+ Sunscreens Reveals High Heterogeneity and Limitations in the Level of Protection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Antony","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7120-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Tricaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research & Innovation Chevilly Larue France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Bernerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research & Innovation Aulnay sous Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yipin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research & Innovation Chevilly Larue France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Renoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research & Innovation Chevilly Larue France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Sensenbrenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research & Innovation Chevilly Larue France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann\u2010Laure","family":"Demessant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Roche\u2010Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique Levallois\u2010Perret France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5836-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Le","family":"Floc'h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Roche\u2010Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique Levallois\u2010Perret France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6977-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Josso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Or\u00e9al Research & Innovation Chevilly Larue France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clipeum Pharma Consulting Peymeinade France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105263"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.01.095"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"Effects of Blue Light Irradiation on Human Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"153","author":"Opl\u00e4nder C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.19630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12529"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"R285","article-title":"Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Effects on Biological Systems","volume":"46","author":"Diffey B. L.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"On the efficacy of sunscreen products and the claims made relating thereto","volume":"265","author":"European Commission Recommendation","year":"2006","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Broad\u2010Spectrum Sunscreens Provide Better Protection From Solar Ultraviolet\u2010Simulated Radiation and Natural Sunlight\u2010Induced Immunosuppression in Human Beings","volume":"44","author":"Moyal D. D.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Photoprotection: A Challenge That Involves More Than Just Ultraviolet Radiation","volume":"9","author":"Gonzalez S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Review of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.833"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b9pp00174c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Impact of Methoxypropylamino Cyclohexenylidene Ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE) UVA1 Filter on Pigmentary and Ageing Signs: An Outdoor Prospective 8\u2010Week Randomized, Intra\u2010Individual Comparative Study in Two Populations of Different Genetic Background","volume":"37","author":"Flament F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S244898"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2006.00223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u20100781.2000.160603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1pp05152k"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2006.00188.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17242"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"In Vitro Assessment of Commercial Sunscreens Available in Latin America","volume":"55","author":"Castanedo\u2010Cazares J. 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