{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T21:29:24Z","timestamp":1786656564460,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Visible light (VL, 400\u2013700\u2009nm) and long wavelength UVA1 (VL\u2009+\u2009UVA1, 370\u2013700\u2009nm) have been reported to cause erythema in light skin phototypes, Fitzpatrick skin types I\u2010III (FST I\u2013III), and to exacerbate pigmentary dermatologic conditions (e.g., melasma, hyperpigmentation, post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation) in individuals with dark skin phototypes (FST IV\u2013VI). Until recently, limited options existed for photoprotection against VL\u2009+\u2009UVA1, including tinted formulations containing iron oxides (Fe\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) or pigmentary titanium dioxide (TiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), as well as antioxidant\u2010enriched sunscreen systems. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and TiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      are often utilized in the development of mineral\u2010based (inorganic) sunscreens as the active ingredients to protect against broad spectrum Ultraviolet (UV) radiation via their absorption properties. However, some of these products often leave a white cast, particularly on dark skin, making these products unfavorable, altering skin tone appearance leading to concerns for sunscreen compliance. Tinted sunscreens (Fe\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) are designed to enhance cosmetic elegance and improve compliance across diverse skin tones. This study aims to evaluate the photoprotection properties of a novel Zn\u2010based inorganic tinted sunscreen enriched with five antioxidants (5 AOX) against VL\u2009+\u2009UVA1 induced biologic effects (hyperpigmentation and erythema).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve healthy adult subjects with FST IV\u2010VI were enrolled and the effectiveness of the new Zn\/Fe\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/5 AOX sunscreen, compared to several commercially available tinted and non\u2010tinted mineral sunscreens, was evaluated. The erythema and pigmentation assessments were performed by diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), polarized photography, and investigator global scoring immediately, 24\u2009h, and 7\u2009days after irradiation (320\u2009J\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DRS results demonstrated that the novel Zn\/Fe\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/5 AOX effectively reduced immediate erythema and pigmentation as well as delayed pigmentation when compared with formulas containing ZnO only (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Not all inorganic\/Fe\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      formulas significantly reduced erythema and pigmentation induced by VL\u2009+\u2009UVA1 when compared with the ZnO only formula.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results highlight the enhanced effects of 5 AOX\u2010enriched tinted mineral sunscreen to be photoprotective against VL\u2009+\u2009UVA1, with a blendable tint designed for use on skin of all colors aimed at improving patient compliance and overall sunscreen use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:59:48Z","timestamp":1781758788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Photoprotection: Assessing Visible Light Photoprotection in Tinted Inorganic Sunscreens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Ruvolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beiersdorf Inc  Florham Park New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Mortillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beiersdorf Inc  Florham Park New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Yousefian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beiersdorf Inc  Florham Park New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2012.00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130949"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1989.tb02904.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9pp00425d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpap.2023.100201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"D. 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