{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:51:52Z","timestamp":1791291112230,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017291","name":"Zhongshan Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022B1011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017291","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Conventional treatments for common and plantar warts often have limited efficacy and high recurrence rates. 5\u2010Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (5\u2010ALA\u2010PDT) has attracted increasing attention as an alternative therapeutic option for these lesions. This study investigated the potential of 5\u2010ALA\u2010PDT as an alternative treatment option for patients with refractory common and plantar warts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To explore the clinical efficacy of 5\u2010ALA\u2010PDT and recombinant human interferon alpha 2b (rhIFN\u2010\u03b12b) spray combination therapy against common and plantar warts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We enrolled 104 patients with common or plantar warts and randomly assigned them to the intervention (5\u2010ALA\u2010PDT combined with rhIFN\u2010\u03b12b spray;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200951) or control (cryotherapy;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200953) group to compare treatment efficacy, recurrence rate, and adverse events.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After three consecutive treatment cycles, the 4\u2010week complete recovery and total effective rates were 90.20% and 96.08% in the intervention group, versus 62.26% (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002) and 77.36% (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.013) in the control group. Recurrence rates were significantly lower in the intervention group at 8\u2009weeks (2.17% vs. 24.24%), 12\u2009weeks (4.35% vs. 33.33%), and 6\u2009months (4.35% vs. 39.39%; all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). All adverse events were mild to moderate and localized.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n 5\u2010ALA\u2010PDT combined with rhIFN\u2010\u03b12b spray exhibited superior clinical efficacy in treating common and plantar warts, significantly improving treatment efficacy, reducing medium\u2010term recurrence, and demonstrating good safety and tolerability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:57:57Z","timestamp":1791287877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Efficacy of 5\u2010Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Interferon Spray in Treating Common and Plantar Warts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1076-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng\u2010Jiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Min","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-7828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie\u2010Cheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang\u2010Bing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Dan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8950-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center Zhongshan Second People's Hospital Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12494"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.6773"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.47685"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans\u20102017\u2010053150"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62347\/FRPZ7345"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12838"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","article-title":"Warts (Non\u2010Genital)","volume":"2014","author":"Loo S. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Clinical Evidence"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Intralesional Vitamin D3 in Recalcitrant Palmoplantar and Periungual Warts: A Prospective, Observational Study","volume":"27","author":"Priya A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"690","article-title":"Assessment of Cryotherapy by Liquid Nitrogen in the Treatment of Hand and Feet Warts","volume":"87","author":"Khaled A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"La Tunisie M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1039\/BK9781837672226-00251","volume-title":"Combination Therapies Involving Photodynamic Therapy","author":"Oluwafemi O. 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