{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:11:57Z","timestamp":1790604717834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photoderm Photoimm Photomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melasma and post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are common dermatologic conditions disproportionately affecting individuals with darker skin phototypes, carrying substantial psychosocial burden and reduced quality of life. Emerging evidence increasingly implicates visible light (VL), particularly high energy visible (HEV) light, as a significant but underappreciated driver of disease appearance and progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review integrates mechanistic and clinical evidence to examine VL's pathogenic role in melasma and PIH, synthesising data on opsin\u2010mediated melanocyte activation, clinical trial outcomes of VL protective interventions and patient adherence barriers to photoprotection strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HEV (400\u2013450\u2009nm) activates opsin\u20103 on melanocytes, triggering calcium\u2010dependent signaling that increases melanogenesis in a wavelength\u2010specific manner. Clinical studies confirm that blue\u2010violet light induces dose\u2010dependent hyperpigmentation whereas red light produces none. Notably, pigmentation induced by high\u2010energy visible (HEV) light can be substantial and persist over time. Protection against VL significantly enhances melasma treatment outcomes: melasma patients using iron oxide\u2013containing sunscreen achieved 15% greater Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) improvement, 28% greater lightening on colorimetry and 4% greater histologic reduction in melanin than patients using an otherwise similar UV\u2010only sunscreen. VL also seems to be involved in PIH, as suggested by a suction blister PIH model in which light\u2010blocked sites healed without hyperpigmentation by Day 29, unlike ambient light\u2010exposed sites that showed colorimetric and histologic darkening. Adherence to photoprotection in general remains suboptimal. Fewer than two\u2010thirds of patients with hyperpigmentation use sunscreen and fewer than 10% reapply appropriately, with worse habits observed in skin of color, the population at greatest risk. Shade incompatibility of tinted formulations represents a key additional barrier to the use of VL\u2010specific photoprotection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review establishes VL as a clinically significant driver of melasma and PIH pathogenesis. Standardising VL photoprotection metrics and integrating these into sunscreen development is essential. Incorporating VL protective strategies into treatment recommendations is critical to improving outcomes, particularly in darker skin individuals where disease burden is greatest and treatment most challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.70125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:15:38Z","timestamp":1790568938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond\n                    <scp>UV<\/scp>\n                    : Visible Light and Pigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1366-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edric","family":"Ip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Prince of Wales Hospital  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0797-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Passeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00f4te D'azur University, Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Nice  Nice France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9747-1882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chroma Dermatology  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2317-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-002-0034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20143063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12684"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation: A Review of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Treatment Options in Skin of Color","volume":"3","author":"Davis E. 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