{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:53:19Z","timestamp":1777420399652,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]],"date-time":"2013-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leishmaniasis is an important tropical disease composed of several clinical forms that adversely affect millions of people globally. Critical cells involved in the host\u2013<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> interaction are monocytes and macrophages, which act to protect against infections due to their ability to both control intracellular infections and regulate the subsequent adaptive immune response. Both soluble factors and cell surface receptors are keys in directing the immune response following interaction with pathogens such as <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic>. Toll\u2010like receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>s) have an essential role in immune responses against infections, but little is known about their role in human infection with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania braziliensis<\/jats:italic>. In this work, we evaluated peripheral blood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> monocytes for the expression of immunoregulatory cytokines, co\u2010stimulatory molecules and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients infected with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0braziliensis<\/jats:italic> and noninfected individuals. Our results showed that patients present decreased expression of co\u2010stimulatory molecules such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>86 following culture with media alone or after stimulus with soluble <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> antigen. Interestingly, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 expression was higher after culture with soluble <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>), suggesting a role of this molecule in immunoregulation of active disease. Lastly, higher frequencies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> monocytes were correlated with greater lesion size. These findings demonstrate a peripheral monocytes profile compatible with important immunoregulatory potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]],"date-time":"2012-10-10T11:06:15Z","timestamp":1349867175000},"page":"65-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Immunoregulatory profile of monocytes from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and association with lesion size"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"\u00c9. L. M.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology Biological Sciences Institute Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. S. L.","family":"Keesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal RN Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgar Santos Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador BA Brazil"},{"name":"INCT\u2010DT Salvador BA Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. H.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgar Santos Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador BA Brazil"},{"name":"INCT\u2010DT Salvador BA Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgar Santos Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador BA Brazil"},{"name":"INCT\u2010DT Salvador BA Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. O.","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INCT\u2010DT Salvador BA Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Morphology Biological Sciences Institute Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil"},{"name":"Biosciences Division Tropical Disease Research Program Center for Infections Disease SRI International Menlo Park CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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