{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T14:06:51Z","timestamp":1778594811526,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four genotypically distinct strains of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>. major<\/jats:italic> collected from persons residing in different endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ran were evaluated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice. Parasite virulence was evaluated by measuring the parasite burden in the lymph nodes. Immunogenicity of the strains was assessed by analysis of cytokines m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression levels in popliteal lymph nodes of the mice in early (3, 16, 40\u00a0h) and late (week 1, W3, W5 and W8) time periods after infection. The expression of cytokines m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>, namely <jats:italic>Ifng, Il2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Il4<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Il10<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Il12,<\/jats:italic> was quantitated by real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. The lowest and the highest parasite loads were induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>amghan (2\u00b715\u00a0<jats:styled-content>\u00d7<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a010<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>hiraz (9\u00b759\u00a0<jats:styled-content>\u00d7<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a010<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>) strains, respectively. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>amghan strain elicited higher expression levels of <jats:italic>Ifng<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Il2<\/jats:italic> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> and the highest ratio of <jats:italic>Ifng<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Il4<\/jats:italic> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression compared with the other strains at 40\u00a0h and 8\u00a0weeks post\u2010infection. The results indicate that the inoculation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice with different strains induced high diversity in parasite burden and cytokines gene expression. Amongst the four strains, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>amghan strain showed the lowest parasite load and the highest tendency to induce expression of Th1 cytokines gene and might be considered as a safe and immunogenic strain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T18:12:03Z","timestamp":1351534323000},"page":"42-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Distinct strains of <i><scp>L<\/scp>eishmania major<\/i> induce different cytokine m<scp>RNA<\/scp> expression in draining lymph node of <scp>BALB<\/scp>\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Asadpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Riazi\u2010Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology 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