{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:20:32Z","timestamp":1762521632982},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to monitor local cytokine responses to <jats:italic>Dictyocaulus viviparus<\/jats:italic> in calves during primary infection and re\u2010infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected weekly from experimentally infected calves and interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102), IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u201010 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression was quantified in BALF cells. The major finding was a prominent transient increase in IL\u20104 m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression, compared with that of uninfected calves, observed in BALF cells collected 2\u20133\u00a0weeks post\u2010primary <jats:italic>D.\u00a0viviparus<\/jats:italic> infection. At 2\u00a0weeks post\u2010infection, macroscopic worms were also first observed in BALF. Calves re\u2010infected after 10\u00a0weeks were partially immune which was evident at slaughter 5\u00a0weeks post\u2010infection as a lower worm burden than in previously na\u00efve calves infected at the same time. IL\u20104 m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression in BALF cells 2\u00a0weeks post\u2010re\u2010infection was increased compared with that of uninfected animals but not as high as that of primarily infected calves. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content> cell expression of the other cytokines tested for was not as clearly effected by the <jats:italic>D.\u00a0viviparus<\/jats:italic> infection. It seems likely that the strong IL\u20104 response observed during primary infection reflects an innate response to the worms that may initiate an ensuing Th2 response, which confers protective immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]],"date-time":"2013-10-22T08:08:39Z","timestamp":1382429319000},"page":"78-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cytokine m<scp>RNA<\/scp> expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells during <i><scp>D<\/scp>ictyocaulus viviparus<\/i> infection in calves"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Holmgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Parasitology Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hagberg Gustavsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Parasitology Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lund\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Parasitology Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wattrang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology National Veterinary Institute Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals","author":"Soulsby EJL","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1329","article-title":"The natural history of parasitic bronchitis with notes on prophylaxis and treatment","volume":"69","author":"Jarrett WFH","year":"1957","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3275980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2622-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00082-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00216-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Immunological Studies on D. viviparus Infection. 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