{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:36:23Z","timestamp":1790386583838,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,7]],"date-time":"2014-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to provide more information on the kinetics of the immunological changes occurring in the abomasal mucosa after single and trickle infections with the bovine parasite <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>stertagia ostertagi<\/jats:italic>. The time course analysis of gene expression revealed that the major changes coincided with the emergence of adult worms from the gastric glands. These changes consisted of a simultaneous upregulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h1\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h2\u2010type cytokines. In addition, a single <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0ostertagi<\/jats:italic> infection elicited an upregulation of the epithelial\u2010derived cytokine <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>33<\/jats:italic>, while <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSLP<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression levels were not impacted. Apart from the massive increase in inflammatory cytokines <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>6<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>17<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>21<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0ostertagi<\/jats:italic> infection also elicited an upregulation of the immunosuppressors <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGFB<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>10<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARG<\/jats:styled-content>1,<\/jats:italic> as well as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> and \u03b3\u03b4\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cell markers. Furthermore, the cytotoxic factors granulysin, perforin and granzyme <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> were upregulated following an <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0ostertagi<\/jats:italic> infection. Analysis of cytokine transcript levels in animals receiving trickle infections for 60\u00a0days showed a similar trend as observed following a single infection except for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>33<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>6<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GATA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBX<\/jats:styled-content>21<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCR<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, which were no longer upregulated after trickle infections. Finally, the long trickle infections were associated with mucosal eosinophilia and mastocytosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,23]],"date-time":"2013-12-23T11:32:44Z","timestamp":1387798364000},"page":"150-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Analysis of the mucosal immune responses induced by single and trickle infections with the bovine abomasal nematode <i><scp>O<\/scp>stertagia ostertagi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Mihi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"van Meulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Vancoppernolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Chiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"van den Broeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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