{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:24:21Z","timestamp":1787318661761,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The host inflammatory response to the\n                    <jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic>\n                    endosymbiont,\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is a major contributing factor in the development of chronic pathology in humans (onchocerciasis\/river blindness). Recently, the toll\u2010like pattern recognition receptor motif of the major inflammatory ligands of filarial\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , membrane\u2010associated diacylated lipoproteins, was functionally defined in murine models of pathology, including mediation of neutrophil recruitment to the cornea. However, the extent to which human neutrophils can be activated in response to this\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    pattern recognition motif is not known. Therefore, the responses of purified peripheral blood human neutrophils to a synthetic N\u2010terminal diacylated lipopeptide (\n                    <jats:italic>Wo<\/jats:italic>\n                    LP) of filarial\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    peptidoglycan\u2010associated lipoprotein (PAL) were characterized.\n                    <jats:italic>Wo<\/jats:italic>\n                    LP exposure led to a dose\u2010dependent activation of healthy, human neutrophils that included gross morphological alterations and modulation of surface expressed integrins involved in tethering, rolling and extravasation.\n                    <jats:italic>Wo<\/jats:italic>\n                    LP exposure induced chemotaxis but not chemokinesis of neutrophils, and secretion of the major neutrophil chemokine, interleukin 8.\n                    <jats:italic>Wo<\/jats:italic>\n                    LP also induced and primed the respiratory burst, and enhanced neutrophil survival by delay of apoptosis. These results indicate that the major inflammatory motif of filarial\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    lipoproteins directly activates human neutrophils\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and promotes a molecular pathway by which human neutrophils are recruited to sites of\n                    <jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasitism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T11:33:29Z","timestamp":1402054409000},"page":"494-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Human filarial\n                    <i>Wolbachia<\/i>\n                    lipopeptide directly activates human neutrophils\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Tamarozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. L.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. W.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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