{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:40:22Z","timestamp":1788871222814,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NRF","award":["2014R1A2A2A01004899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014R1A2A2A01004899"]}]},{"name":"NRF","award":["20120007792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20120007792"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although co\u2010infection with multiple parasites is a frequent occurrence, changes in the humoral immune response against a pre\u2010existing parasite induced as a result of a subsequent parasitic infection remain undetermined. Here, we utilized enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) to investigate antibody responses, cytokine production and enhanced resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>Clonorchis sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected rats (Sprague\u2013Dawley) upon\n                    <jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Higher levels of\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific IgG and IgA were elicited upon\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u00a0spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, and these levels remained higher than in rats infected with\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    alone. Upon subsequent infection with\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u00a0spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IgG antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    appeared to be rapidly boosted at day 3, and IgA antibodies were boosted at day 7. Challenge infection of\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected rats with\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u00a0spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced substantial mucosal IgG and IgA responses in the liver and intestine and increases in antibody\u2010secreting plasma cells in the spleen and bone marrow. Subsequent infection also appeared to confer effective control of liver\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    loads, resulting in enhanced resistance. Memory B cells generated in response to\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection were rapidly amplified into antibody\u2010secreting cells upon\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u00a0spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. These results indicate that enhanced\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    clearance induced by co\u2010infection is associated with systemic and mucosal IgG and IgA responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T03:16:57Z","timestamp":1410923817000},"page":"522-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhanced protection against\n                    <i>Clonorchis sinensis<\/i>\n                    induced by co\u2010infection with\n                    <i>Trichinella spiralis<\/i>\n                    in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"K.\u2010B.","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Zoology Kyung Hee University School of Medicine Seoul 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(10)72011-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2005300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/IMM-120027681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"510","article-title":"Application and evaluation on five health education patterns of integrated control for parasitic diseases","volume":"23","author":"Qian Z","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za 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