{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:22:25Z","timestamp":1788852145659,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["091077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["091077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center, NIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D43 TW001140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW001140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The life cycle of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>aenia solium<\/jats:italic>, the pork tapeworm, is continuously closed in many rural settings in developing countries when free roaming pigs ingest human stools containing<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0solium<\/jats:italic>eggs and develop cysticercosis, and humans ingest pork infected with cystic larvae and develop intestinal taeniasis, or may also accidentally acquire cysticercosis by faecal\u2010oral contamination. Cysticercosis of the human nervous system, neurocysticercosis, is a major cause of seizures and other neurological morbidity in most of the world. The dynamics of exposure, infection and disease as well as the location of parasites result in a complex interaction which involves immune evasion mechanisms and involutive or progressive disease along time. Moreover, existing data are limited by the relative lack of animal models. This manuscript revises the available information on the immunology of human taeniasis and cysticercosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T16:59:37Z","timestamp":1403629177000},"page":"388-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Immunology of<i>Taenia solium<\/i>taeniasis and human cysticercosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"H. H.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Sciences and Center for Global Health \u2013 Tumbes Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru"},{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Friedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunity Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70194-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000817"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2013.51.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to Taenia solium","volume":"4","author":"Flisser A","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog Clin Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"????","volume-title":"Taenia solium Cysticercosis. From Basic to Clinical Science","author":"Schantz PM","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212Y.0000000047"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209033271004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0494"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2008.46.4.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1309.061148"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200310000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61381-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000870"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90189-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90064-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002558"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39022-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031294"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Cysticercosis of the Central Nervous System","author":"Escobar A","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ed9eae"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/75.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.5.799"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80175-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002142"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.223","article-title":"Short report: limited and short\u2010lasting humoral response in Taenia solium: seropositive households compared with patients with neurocysticercosis","volume":"69","author":"Meza\u2010Lucas A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00182-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00059-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1999.11813420"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000068748"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168828.83461.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.36504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","first-page":"643","volume-title":"Handbuch der Neurologie","author":"Henneberg R","year":"1912"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(34)90050-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Cysticercosis: An Analysis and Follow\u2010up of 450 Cases","author":"Dixon HB","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212Y.0000000048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.5.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.8.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Presentation of a membrane cysticercus antigen and its homology with excretory\u2013secretory antigen","volume":"57","author":"Khan NA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Leiden"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.9.4522-4525.1998","article-title":"Elevated concentrations of eotaxin and interleukin\u20105 in human neurocysticercosis","volume":"66","author":"Evans CA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282338"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3281420"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis: some mechanisms of parasite survival in immunocompetent hosts","volume":"57","author":"Flisser A","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Leiden"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802608783790875"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00101-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00206-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3135"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284533"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066142"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0788-z","article-title":"The initial immune response during experimental cysticercosis is of the mixed Th1\/Th2 type","volume":"89","author":"Toenjes SA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(03)00071-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmr093"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmunol\/189.3.1104","article-title":"Pillars article: downregulation of Th1 cytokine production accompanies induction of Th2 responses by a parasitic helminth, Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"189","author":"Pearce EJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/923193"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2839.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00920-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000058663"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000238514.51747.3a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00455-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3273"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-676R1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-011-0198-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1418"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3346"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081073"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904158"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)00259-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1351-5101.2003.00696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540701242392"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0769"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_97_1","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Coexistent neurocysticercosis and Japanese B encephalitis: MR imaging correlation","volume":"22","author":"Singh P","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_98_1","first-page":"643","article-title":"Japanese B encephalitis with neurocysticercosis","volume":"39","author":"Das SK","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000060686"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.7.1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_101_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Cysticercosis (Taenia solium): a further ten years' clinical study, covering 284 cases","volume":"13","author":"Dixon HBF","year":"1944","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000371"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3354CC"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-724R1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2009.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506622"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000125"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpim.12126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.12126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T13:00:56Z","timestamp":1746277256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.12126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.12126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12126","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}}}