{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:21:56Z","timestamp":1791872516876,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The M2 subset of macrophages has a critical role to play in host tissue repair, tissue fibrosis and modulation of adaptive immunity during helminth infection. Infection with the helminth, <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica,<\/jats:italic> is associated with M2 macrophages in its mammalian host, and this response is mimicked by its excretory\u2010secretory products (Fh<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content>). The tegumental coat of <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic> (FhTeg) is another major source of immune\u2010modulatory molecules; we have previously shown that FhTeg can modulate the activity of both dendritic cells and mast cells inhibiting their ability to prime a Th1 immune response. Here, we report that FhTeg does not induce Th2 immune responses but can induce M2\u2010like phenotype <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> that modulates cytokine production from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in response to anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3 stimulation. FhTeg induces a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RELM<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 expressing macrophage population <jats:italic>in vitro,<\/jats:italic> while <jats:italic>in vivo,<\/jats:italic> the expression of Arg1 and Ym\u20101\/2 but not <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RELM<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 in FhTeg\u2010stimulated macrophages was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAT<\/jats:styled-content>6 dependent. To support this finding, FhTeg induces <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RELM<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 expression <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> prior to the induction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013. FhTeg can induce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013\u2010producing peritoneal macrophages following intraperitoneal injection This study highlights the important role of FhTeg as an immune\u2010modulatory source during <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic> infection and sheds further light on helminth\u2013macrophage interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,8]],"date-time":"2014-07-08T10:37:26Z","timestamp":1404815846000},"page":"531-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["<i>Fasciola hepatica<\/i> tegumental antigens indirectly induce an M2 macrophage\u2010like phenotype <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"P. N.","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasite Immune Modulation Group School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Aldridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasite Immune Modulation Group School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. V.","family":"Vukman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasite Immune Modulation Group School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3, Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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