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The control of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection depends on cellular immune mechanisms, and the inflammatory response may contribute to pathogenesis. A beneficial role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes has been proposed; nevertheless, other studies suggest a cytotoxic role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes involved in tissue damage, showing controversial role of these cells. The goal of the current study was to understand the immunopathology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content> and determine the profile of cytotoxic cells \u2013 such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T, natural killer and natural killer T cells \u2013 that might be involved in triggering immunological mechanisms, and may lead to cure or disease progression. The frequencies of cytotoxic cell populations in peripheral blood, obtained from patients with active disease, during treatment and after clinical healing, were assessed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity could not be related to a deleterious role in <jats:italic>Leishmania braziliensis<\/jats:italic> infection, as patients with active CL showed similar percentages of degranulation to healthy individuals (HI). Cured patients exhibited a lower percentage of degranulating cells, which may be due to a downregulation of the immune response. The understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms involved in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content> and the commitment of cytotoxic cells enables improvements in therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T06:06:29Z","timestamp":1456812389000},"page":"244-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cytotoxic cell involvement in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessments in active disease, under therapy and after clinical cure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"C. 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