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The arsenal of drugs available is limited, and resistance is common in clinical field isolates. Therefore, vaccines could be an important alternative for prevention against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>. Recently, some investigators advocated the protective efficacy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> vaccines, which induces the T cell\u2010based immunity against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>. The vaccine antigens are selected as conserved in various <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species and provide a viable strategy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine development. Our understanding for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine development against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content> is not enough and much technological advancement is required. Improved formulations and methods of delivery are required, which increase the uptake of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine by cells; optimization of vaccine vectors\/encoded antigens to augment and direct the host immune response in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>. Despite the many genes identified as vaccine candidates, the disappointing potency of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> vaccines in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content> underscores the challenges encountered in the efforts to translate efficacy in preclinical models into clinical realities. This review will provide a brief background of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> vaccines including the insights gained about the design, strategy, safety issues, varied candidates, progress and challenges that play a role in their ability against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T11:50:50Z","timestamp":1458820250000},"page":"273-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["<scp>DNA<\/scp> vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis: a promising approach for prevention and control"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology Raipur Chhattisgarh 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