{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:25:32Z","timestamp":1790411132212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09\/IN.1\/B2625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/IN.1\/B2625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), caused by <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>, has an annual incidence in cattle of 0.5% in the Republic of Ireland and 4.7% in the UK, despite long\u2010standing eradication programmes being in place. Failure to achieve complete eradication is multifactorial, but the limitations of diagnostic tests are significant complicating factors. Previously, we have demonstrated that <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic> infection, highly prevalent in these areas, induced reduced sensitivity of the standard diagnostic tests for BTB in animals co\u2010infected with <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M.\u00a0bovis<\/jats:italic>. This was accompanied by a reduced <jats:italic>M.\u00a0bovis<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific Th1 immune response. We hypothesized that these changes in co\u2010infected animals would be accompanied by enhanced growth of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0bovis<\/jats:italic>. However, we show here that mycobacterial burden in cattle is reduced in animals co\u2010infected with <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, we demonstrate a lower mycobacterial recovery and uptake in blood monocyte\u2010derived macrophages (MDM) from <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected cattle which is associated with suppression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and a switch to alternative activation of macrophages. However, the cell surface expression of TLR2 and CD14 in MDM from <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected cattle is increased. These findings reflecting the bystander effect of helminth\u2010induced downregulation of pro\u2010inflammatory responses provide insights to understand host\u2010pathogen interactions in co\u2010infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T07:14:06Z","timestamp":1461568446000},"page":"387-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["<i>Fasciola hepatica<\/i> infection reduces <i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i> burden and mycobacterial uptake and suppresses the pro\u2010inflammatory response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Garza\u2010Cuartero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"McNair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Sciences Division Agri\u2010Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSO, SISAF The Innovation Centre Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Diggle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Mulcahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeshpandeP LucasM&GaudieriS.Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals.CaliskanM editor.InTech;2012[cited 2015 Mar 20]. Available from:http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/analysis-of-genetic-variation-in-animals\/genetic-variation-of-host-immune-response-genes-and-their-effect-on-hepatitis-c-infection-and-treatm","DOI":"10.5772\/38480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0830"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813519655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-79"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05040-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391429-3.00005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(78)90063-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5372-5378.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"European Commission.Research \u2013 International Co\u2010operation in Food Agriculture and Biotechnology Research.2012. Available from:http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/research\/biosociety\/inco\/projects\/0047_en.html. [cited 2012 Dec 19]"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"WHO.WHO | Tuberculosis.World Health Organization;2014. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs104\/en\/[cited 2014 Oct 29]"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2005.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/236205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.09.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01445-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2009.01075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000700"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.4210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.9.975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0707490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-08-236711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/12.2.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxl007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2007.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle: Effect of dose of M. bovis and pregnancy on immune responses and distribution of lesions","volume":"45","author":"Buddle BM","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(98)80069-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.1999.0330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1711.2005.01386.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-2-r19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00732-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001970"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Phagocytosis plays a dual role in activating dendritic cells; digestive production of active Toll\u2010like receptor ligands and cooperation with Toll\u2010like receptor signaling","volume":"4","author":"Miyauchi M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Discov Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-10-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.166-173.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02541-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-686"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.12.8684"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5782-5788.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.11.4843-4849.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3322-3326.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/tuld.2000.0247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis by blood testing","author":"Neill SD","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Soc Vet Epidemiol Prev Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"A pilot trial to evaluate the \u03b3\u2010interferon assay for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle under Irish conditions","volume":"50","author":"Monaghan M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ir Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879600800312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094603"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpim.12326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.12326","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pim.12326","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.12326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T13:35:39Z","timestamp":1696167339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.12326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.12326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12326","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]]}}}