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Eosinophils have been associated with killing of schistosomulae <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>, but there is growing evidence that eosinophils can play additional immuno\u2010regulatory role. Here, we report results of a study that examines peripheral blood mononuclear cell (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>) cytokine responses to <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> adult worm antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWA<\/jats:styled-content>) when stimulated alone or enriched with autologous eosinophils. Production of the Th\u20102 type cytokines interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20104, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 was lower (P\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7017, 0\u00b7018 and &lt;0\u00b7001, respectively) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> + eosinophil cultures than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010only cultures stimulated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SWA<\/jats:styled-content>. Substantial levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha were recorded in cultures of eosinophils, but none of these cytokines showed significant association with the observed eosinophil\u2010induced drop in cytokine responses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>. Transwell experiments suggested that the observed effect is due to soluble mediators that downmodulate production of Th\u20102 type cytokines. This study shows that eosinophils may down\u2010modulate schistosome\u2010specific Th\u20102 type cytokine responses in <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mansoni<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected individuals. The mechanism of this immune modulation remains to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T07:46:30Z","timestamp":1463039190000},"page":"516-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Human eosinophils modulate peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> adult worm antigen <i>in\u00a0vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Tweyongyere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinical &amp; Comparative Medicine Makerere University Kampala Uganda"},{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Research Unit on AIDS Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Namanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Control Division\u2010 Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Naniima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Research Unit on AIDS Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Research Unit on AIDS Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe Uganda"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. 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