{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:47:21Z","timestamp":1790380041482,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["94013422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["94013422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leishmaniasis caused by protozoan parasites of the genus <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>. Intracellular infections treatment such as leishmaniasis is frequently hampered by limited access of drugs to infected cells. Moreover, most of the current drugs are confined to some toxic compounds, and there are increasing incidences of development of drug resistance. Hence, production of a new antileishmanial compound is crucial. Paromomycin sulphate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>) is a promising antileishmanial drug. One strategy to improve drug effectiveness is to use appropriate delivery systems. Solid lipid nanoparticle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLN<\/jats:styled-content>) is as an excellent substitute delivery system to other colloidal carrier. In the present study, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> was loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLN<\/jats:styled-content>) and the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> efficacy was studied against <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) major<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice. For this reason, the footpad swelling was measured and real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> was performed to quantify the parasite load after infectious challenge. The level of cytokines including interleukin\u20104 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104) and gamma interferon (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3) and nitric oxide was evaluated. Altogether, this study showed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLN<\/jats:styled-content> formulation is a safe compound and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLN<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLN<\/jats:styled-content> compound is effective for treatment of leishmaniasis by improving the effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> in killing the parasite and switching towards Th1 response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T10:39:53Z","timestamp":1464086393000},"page":"599-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Enhanced paromomycin efficacy by solid lipid nanoparticle formulation against <i>Leishmania<\/i> in mice 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