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Inflammatory consequences associated with any form of filariasis have drawn special attention. However, the molecular insight behind the inflammation of host macrophage (M\u0424) is considered as one of the shaded areas in filarial research. Herein, major emphasis was given to study the signalling pathway of M\u0424 inflammation induced by surface proteins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>s) of filarial parasite through in vitro and in vivo approaches. Twenty\u2010four hours of in vitro stimulation of Raw M\u0424s with endotoxin\u2010free <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>s of <jats:italic>Setaria cervi<\/jats:italic> resulted in the secretion of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2) that revealed induction of inflammation, which was found to be elicited from classical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u043aB activation. Moreover, this <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u043aB activation was found to be signalled from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 and mediated by the downstream signalling intermediates, viz. MyD88, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pTAK<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEMO<\/jats:styled-content>. In vivo studies in adult Wistar rats, experimentally injected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>s, clearly supported the outcomes of in vitro experiments by showing higher degree of inflammation rather classical activation of the peritoneal M\u0424s. Therefore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>s from <jats:italic>S.\u00a0cervi<\/jats:italic> cuticle could be responsible for the induction of pro\u2010inflammatory response in M\u0424, which appears to be propagated through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u043aB route.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]],"date-time":"2016-09-23T08:04:39Z","timestamp":1474617879000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Surface proteins of <i>Setaria cervi<\/i> induce inflammation in macrophage through Toll\u2010like receptor 4 (<scp>TLR<\/scp>4)\u2010mediated signalling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Su.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Centre for Advanced Studies Visva\u2010Bharati University  Santiniketan West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sa.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Centre for Advanced Studies Visva\u2010Bharati University  Santiniketan West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Centre for Advanced Studies Visva\u2010Bharati University  Santiniketan West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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