{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:50:17Z","timestamp":1772902217771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Helminthic therapy of immune\u2010mediated diseases has gained attention in recent years, but we know little of how helminths modulate human immunity. In this study, we investigated how self\u2010infection with <jats:italic>Trichuris (T.) trichiura<\/jats:italic> in an adult man without intestinal disease affected mucosal and systemic immunity. Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained at baseline, during <jats:italic>T.\u00a0trichiura<\/jats:italic> infection, and after its clearance following mebendazole treatment. Unexpectedly, the volunteer experienced a <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> colitis following <jats:italic>T.\u00a0trichiura<\/jats:italic> clearance, and this served as a positive infectious control. <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic> colonization induced equally increased expressions of T\u2010helper (h)1\u2010, Th2\u2010, Th17\u2010 and Treg\u2010associated cytokines and transcription factors, measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed several indicators of modulation of systemic immunity during the <jats:italic>T.\u00a0trichiura<\/jats:italic> infection. Plasma eosinophils and anti\u2010<jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic> antibodies rose markedly during the inoculation phase, and a shift towards a Th2\u2010dominated T cell response at the expense of the Th1\u2010response was observed in circulating T cells. Taken together, our findings corroborate that helminths modulate regional and systemic human immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]],"date-time":"2016-10-15T14:42:48Z","timestamp":1476542568000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mucosal and systemic immune modulation by <i>Trichuris trichiura<\/i> in a self\u2010infected individual"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Dige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. 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