{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:36:08Z","timestamp":1792438568081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81260412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81260412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81360453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81360453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31502067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31502067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>) caused by the cestode <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic>) is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The effective immune evasion mechanisms of <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> allow it to parasitize its hosts. However, the status of the innate and adaptive immune cells and their contributions to <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> infection on T cells, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell responses and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 expression during the early infection phase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice. In <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> infections, there was an increasing tendency in the percentage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and peripheral blood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 levels and relative expression of the Foxp3 gene. Moreover, there were a decreasing tendency in the percentage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell cytotoxicity and the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKG<\/jats:styled-content>2D on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21\/Smad pathway was activated by <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> in mice. Above results can be reversed by the inhibitor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010525334 (potent activin receptor\u2010like kinase 5 inhibitor). These results suggest that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2\/Smad pathway plays an important role in changes of T\u2010cell or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell responses. These results may contribute to revealing the preliminary molecular mechanisms in establishing hydatid infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T07:43:13Z","timestamp":1485589393000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effect of <i>Echinococcus granulosus<\/i> on spleen cells and <scp>TGF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b2 expression in the peripheral blood of <scp>BALB<\/scp>\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Shihezi University School of Medicine  Shihezi Xinjiang China"},{"name":"College of One Health Tongren University  Tongren Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Shihezi University School of Medicine  Shihezi Xinjiang 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