{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T21:29:19Z","timestamp":1794000559834,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,28]],"date-time":"2017-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS05534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS05534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 NS078280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 NS078280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) may contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) by promoting endothelial activation and parasite sequestration. However, less is known about the role of central nervous system (CNS) TNF\u2010\u03b1 in CM. We assessed plasma (n=249) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (n=167) TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in Ugandan children with CM, plasma TNF\u2010\u03b1 in Ugandan community control children (n=198) and CSF TNF\u2010\u03b1 in North American control children who had recovered from leukaemia (n=13). Plasma and CSF TNF\u2010\u03b1 were measured by magnetic bead assay. We compared plasma and CSF TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in children with CM to mortality, acute and chronic neurologic deficits and long\u2010term neurocognitive impairment. Plasma and CSF TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were higher in CM than control children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.0001 for both). CSF TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were higher in children who had neurologic deficits at discharge or 6\u2010month follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264.05 for both). Elevated CSF but not plasma TNF\u2010\u03b1 was associated with longer coma duration (Spearman's rho .18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.02) and deficits in overall cognition in children 5\u00a0years and older (\u03b2 coefficient \u2212.74, 95% CI \u22121.35 to \u22120.13, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.02). The study findings suggest that CNS TNF\u2010\u03b1 may be involved in the development of acute and chronic neurologic and cognitive sequelae in children with CM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]],"date-time":"2017-04-28T17:25:05Z","timestamp":1493400305000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Elevated cerebrospinal fluid tumour necrosis factor is associated with acute and long\u2010term neurocognitive impairment in cerebral malaria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Shabani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Global Pediatrics University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN USA"},{"name":"Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health Department of Pediatrics Indiana University  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Ouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Makerere University  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Idro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Makerere University  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bangirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Makerere University  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. O.","family":"Opoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Makerere University  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health Department of Pediatrics Indiana University  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1634-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. C.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Global Pediatrics University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN USA"},{"name":"Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health Department of Pediatrics Indiana University  Indianapolis IN 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