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Methods included six groups of female Wistar rats; healthy, <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> infected, receiving combined contraceptive pills (COCPs), receiving progestin only pills (POPs), infected receiving COCPs and infected receiving POPs. Parasite burden was measured; adult worm counts, gravidity, larvae and reproductive capacity index). Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical detection of C\u2010kit+ mast cells and Foxp3+ T\u2010reg. cells in intestinal sections, eosinophils muscle infiltration and CPK level were performed. Rats infected and receiving COCPs showed a significant increase in parasitic burden, and infected receiving POPs showed a significant reduction compared to infected only, with a significant increase in nongravid females (Mean total worms=964.40\u00b155.9, 742\u00b152.63, 686\u00b131.68, larvae\/g=5030\u00b1198.75, 2490\u00b1143.18 and 4126\u00b1152,91, respectively). Intestinal sections from infected receiving COCPs showed intact mucosa (though the high inflammatory cells infiltrate), and significant increase in C\u2010kit+ mast cells number and intensity (30.20\u00b14.15 and 60.40\u00b18.29), and Foxp3+ T\u2010reg. cells (10\u00b11.58). Infected receiving POPs showed a significantly less CPK (5886\u00b1574.40) and eosinophilic muscle infiltration (58\u00b113.51). Oestrogen\u2010containing pills established a favourable intestinal environment for <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> by enhancing Foxp+T\u2010reg. cells and stabilizing C\u2010kit+mast cells, while POPs gave a potential protection with less gravidity, larval burden and eosinophilic infiltrate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]],"date-time":"2017-05-19T10:49:03Z","timestamp":1495190943000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oral contraceptive pills: Risky or protective in case of <i>Trichinella spiralis<\/i> infection?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5972-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Hasby Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Parasitology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"Radi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Hasby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.915.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.3.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WilsonNO HallRL MontgomerySP JonesJL.Trichinellosis Surveillance \u2014 United States 2008\u20132012. 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