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One of the several factors involved in this question may be reduced exposure to the immunomodulatory effects of parasitic helminths. Several investigations on treatment of mice and humans with helminth\u2010derived substances have supported this notion, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study therefore dissects to what extent a series of immune\u2010related genes are modulated in zebrafish with experimentally induced colitis following exposure to excretory\u2010secretory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content>) products isolated from larval <jats:italic>Anisakis<\/jats:italic>, a widely distributed fish nematode. Adult zebrafish intrarectally exposed to the colitis\u2010inducing agent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content> developed severe colitis leading to 80% severe morbidity, but if co\u2010injected (ip) with <jats:italic>Anisakis <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content> products, the morbidity rate was 50% at the end of the experiment (48\u00a0hours post\u2010exposure). Gene expression studies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated zebrafish showed clear upregulation of a range of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and effector molecules and some induction of genes related to the adaptive response. A distinct innate\u2010driven immune response was seen in both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content> groups, but expression values were significantly depressed for several important pro\u2010inflammatory genes in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content> group, indicating protective mechanisms of <jats:italic>Anisakis <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content> compounds on intestinal immunopathology in zebrafish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,5]],"date-time":"2017-08-05T12:16:36Z","timestamp":1501935396000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of <scp>ES<\/scp> products from <i>Anisakis<\/i> (Nematoda: Anisakidae) on experimentally induced colitis in adult zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1963-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Haarder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk\u2010LIFE In Vivo Pharmacology Centre  Frederiksberg Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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