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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>) of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT<\/jats:styled-content> Group, n\u00a0=\u00a023) and chronic toxoplasmosis individuals (CHR<\/jats:styled-content> Group, n\u00a0=\u00a09) were isolated and stimulated in vitro with T. gondii<\/jats:italic> antigen. Negative controls (NC<\/jats:styled-content>) were constituted of 7 PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> samples from individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis. mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression for cytokines was determined by qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Results showed a significant increase in mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels from antigen stimulated PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>s derived from OT<\/jats:styled-content> Group for expressing IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 (at P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.005 and P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.0005 for CHR<\/jats:styled-content> and NC<\/jats:styled-content> groups, respectively), IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 (at P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.0005 and P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.005 for CHR<\/jats:styled-content> and NC<\/jats:styled-content> groups, respectively) and TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 (at P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.005) for NC<\/jats:styled-content> group. mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels for TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 were also upregulated in patients with OT<\/jats:styled-content> compared to CHR<\/jats:styled-content> and NC<\/jats:styled-content> individuals, although without statistical significance. Additionally, mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels for IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201027 and IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 in PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> of patients with OT<\/jats:styled-content> were upregulated in comparison with NC<\/jats:styled-content> individuals. Differences between OT<\/jats:styled-content> and NC<\/jats:styled-content> groups were statistically significant at P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05 and P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.0005, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T12:39:02Z","timestamp":1503578342000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of gene expression levels for cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"M. 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