{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:17:04Z","timestamp":1758892624643,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although there have been several attempts to develop a vaccine against leishmaniasis, no vaccine in human has been developed yet. Liposomes consisting of 1, 2\u2010dioleoyl\u20103\u2010trimethylammonium\u2010propane (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOTAP<\/jats:styled-content>) encapsulating soluble <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> antigens (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>) enhance protective immunity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> against <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic> infection in mice. However, they immobilized at the injection site because of their positive charge. To overcome the problem, shielding the surface charge with polyethylene glycol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content>ylation) was chosen in this study. Liposomal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> consisting different concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content> (1.9%\u201015% mol) were prepared. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice were immunized three times in 3\u00a0weeks intervals with different formulations. Lesion development and parasite burden in footpad and spleen were evaluated to specify the type of generated immune response and extent of protection. Th1\/Th2 cytokine profiles and IgG isotypes were also analysed. The maximum protection was observed in mice immunized with Lip\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pL<\/jats:styled-content>ip\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> (1.9%) due to smaller footpad swelling, reduction in parasite load, an increase in IgG2a and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 production. Our results showed that immunization of mice with a high level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content> (&gt;7.5%) did not improve protective immunity of liposomal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>. The presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content>, particularly more than 3.75%, is not recommended for protection against leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T14:11:22Z","timestamp":1505743882000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>PEG<\/scp>ylation of cationic liposomes encapsulating soluble <i>Leishmania<\/i> antigens reduces the adjuvant efficacy of liposomes in murine model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Naseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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