{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:12:41Z","timestamp":1770271961954,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["095778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["095778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000278","name":"Department for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Low allergy\u2010related disease (ARD<\/jats:styled-content>) prevalence in low\u2010income countries may be partly attributed to helminth infections. In the Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> (Sm<\/jats:italic>)\u2010endemic Lake Victoria islands (Uganda), we recently observed positive helminth\u2010allergy associations, despite low ARD<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence. To understand how Sm<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced cytokine and antibody profiles might influence allergic response profiles in this population, we assessed Schistosoma<\/jats:italic> worm (SWA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010 and egg antigen (SEA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010<\/jats:italic>specific Th1 (IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3), Th2 (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013) and regulatory (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010) cytokine profiles (n\u00a0=\u00a0407), and total (n\u00a0=\u00a0471), SWA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010, SEA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 and allergen (house dust mite [HDM<\/jats:styled-content>] and cockroach)\u2010specific (as)IgE and IgG4 profiles (n\u00a0=\u00a02117) by ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>. Wheeze was inversely associated with SWA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.001) and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.058), and SEA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004). Conversely, having a detectable asIgE response was positively associated with SWA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006) and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.001). Total, SWA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010, SEA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 and allergen\u2010specific IgE and IgG4 responses were higher among Sm<\/jats:italic> Kato\u2010Katz positive (SmKK<\/jats:styled-content>+) and skin prick test (SPT<\/jats:styled-content>)+ individuals compared to SmKK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 and SPT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 individuals. However, total and asIgG4\/IgE ratios were lower among SPT<\/jats:styled-content>+ and wheezing individuals. We conclude that, in this population, helminth\u2010induced antibody and cytokine responses may underlie individual positive helminth\u2010atopy associations, while the overall IgG4\u2010IgE balance may contribute to the low overall prevalence of clinical allergies in such settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T16:16:58Z","timestamp":1511540218000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>\u2010specific immune responses and allergy in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Nkurunungi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Clinical research London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kabagenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nampijja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. E.","family":"Sanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda"},{"name":"College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Walusimbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Nassuuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. L.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Clinical research London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the LaVIISWA study team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1997.d01-186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-009-0085-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Helminth\u2010induced IgE and protection against allergic disorders","volume":"388","author":"Hamid F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03206-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4715","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.12.4715","article-title":"Cytokine control of parasite\u2010specific anergy in human urinary schistosomiasis. 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