{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:05:21Z","timestamp":1770354321478,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007708","name":"Fondo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012000817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012000817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006395","name":"Consejo de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico, Human\u00edstico, Tecnol\u00f3gico y de las Artes, Universidad de Los Andes Venezuela","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M\u20101082\u201017\u201007\u2010B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M\u20101082\u201017\u201007\u2010B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Toxoplasma\u00a0gondii (T.\u00a0gondii)<\/jats:italic> is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect almost all warm\u2010blooded species and induce a chronic infection in human hosts. The aim of this work was to investigate Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg polarization, induced by four important T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> antigens (SAG<\/jats:styled-content>1, ROP<\/jats:styled-content>1, GRA<\/jats:styled-content>8 and MAG<\/jats:styled-content>1) in acutely and chronically infected patients. For this purpose, SAG<\/jats:styled-content>1, ROP<\/jats:styled-content>1, GRA<\/jats:styled-content>8 and MAG<\/jats:styled-content>1 were expressed as recombinant proteins, purified, and used to evaluate the proinflammatory and regulatory immune response profiles in seropositive and seronegative individuals. Our results show that SAG<\/jats:styled-content>1 and ROP<\/jats:styled-content>1 elicited a proinflammatory profile (INF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017) in individuals in the acute phase, whereas MAG<\/jats:styled-content>1 and GRA<\/jats:styled-content>8 induced a regulatory pattern (Treg and TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2) in chronically infected patients. These results reveal fundamental differences in T\u2010cell polarization induced by T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> antigens, which could have important implications in the immunopathogenesis of the disease and in future proposals of therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T06:48:53Z","timestamp":1523342933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["T\u2010cell profiles elicited by Toxoplasma\u00a0gondii<\/i> in acutely\/chronically infected humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Silva\u2010Gutierrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Inmunologia Clinica Universidad de Los Andes M\u00e9rida Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bahsas Zaky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Inmunologia Clinica Universidad de Los Andes M\u00e9rida Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Inmunologia Clinica Universidad de Los Andes M\u00e9rida Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Teran Angel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Inmunologia Clinica Universidad de Los Andes M\u00e9rida Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Amoroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Inmunologia Clinica Universidad de Los Andes M\u00e9rida Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7221-3510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Salmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Inmunologia Clinica Universidad de Los Andes M\u00e9rida Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Production and evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii recombinant surface antigen 1 (SAG1) for serodiagnosis of acute and chronic toxoplasma infection in human sera","volume":"7","author":"Selseleh MM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90118-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00173-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.1.286","article-title":"Synergistic role of CD4\u00a0+\u00a0 and CD8\u00a0+\u00a0 T lymphocytes in IFN\u2010gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine","volume":"146","author":"Gazzinelli RT","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3128869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Immune response in a murine model of congenital toxoplasmosis: increased susceptibility of pregnant mice and transplacental passage of Toxoplasma gondii are type 2\u2010dependent","volume":"39","author":"Thouvenin M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2006.17.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2852-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00808"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.617-621.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/653738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"573825","article-title":"IL\u201017\u2010expressing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in human toxoplasmosis","volume":"2014","author":"Silva JL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.7.2725","article-title":"Microbiostatic effect of murine\u2010activated macrophages for Toxoplasma gondii. 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