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There is a paucity of commercially available vaccines against these parasites, and vaccine development for <jats:italic>T.\u00a0trichiura<\/jats:italic> has been impeded by a lack of known host protective antigens. Experimental vaccinations with <jats:italic>T.\u00a0muris<\/jats:italic> (murine whipworm) soluble Excretory\/Secretory (ES) material have demonstrated that it is possible to induce protective immunity in mice; however, the potential for extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a source of antigenic material has remained relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that EVs isolated from <jats:italic>T.\u00a0muris<\/jats:italic> ES can induce protective immunity in mice when administered as a vaccine without adjuvant and show that the protective properties of these EVs are dependent on intact vesicles. We also identified several proteins within EV preparations that are targeted by the host antibodies following vaccination and subsequent infection with <jats:italic>T.\u00a0muris<\/jats:italic>. Many of these proteins, including VWD and vitellogenin N and DUF1943\u2010domain\u2010containing protein, vacuolar protein sorting\u2010associated protein 52 and TSP\u20101 domain\u2010containing protein, were detected in both soluble ES and EV samples and have homologues in other parasites of medical and veterinary importance, and as such are possible protective antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T13:04:42Z","timestamp":1525957482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Extracellular vesicles induce protective immunity against <i>Trichuris muris<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"R. 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