{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:52:34Z","timestamp":1791517954024,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI110675\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI110675\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008544","name":"Cosmos Club Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> imaginal disc growth factors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDGF<\/jats:styled-content>s) induce the proliferation of imaginal disc cells and terminate cell proliferation at the end of larval development. However, the participation of <jats:italic>Idgf<\/jats:italic>\u2010encoding genes in other physiological processes of <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> including the immune response to infection is not fully understood. Here, we show the contribution of <jats:italic>Idgf2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Idgf3<\/jats:italic> in the <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> response to infection with <jats:italic>Steinernema carpocapsae<\/jats:italic> nematodes carrying or lacking their mutualistic <jats:italic>Xenorhabdus nematophila<\/jats:italic> bacteria (symbiotic or axenic nematodes, respectively). We find that <jats:italic>Idgf2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Idgf3<\/jats:italic> are upregulated in <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> larvae infected with symbiotic or axenic <jats:italic>Steinernema<\/jats:italic> and inactivation of <jats:italic>Idgf2<\/jats:italic> confers a survival advantage to <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> larvae against axenic nematodes. Inactivation of <jats:italic>Idgf2<\/jats:italic> induces the Imd and Jak\/Stat pathways, whereas inactivation of <jats:italic>Idgf3<\/jats:italic> induces the Imd, Toll and Jak\/Stat pathways. We also show that inactivation of the Imd pathway receptor <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LE<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> upregulates <jats:italic>Idgf2<\/jats:italic> against <jats:italic>Steinernema<\/jats:italic> nematode infection. Finally, we demonstrate that inactivation of <jats:italic>Idgf3<\/jats:italic> induces the recruitment of larval haemocytes in response to <jats:italic>Steinernema<\/jats:italic>. Our results indicate that <jats:italic>Idgf2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Idgf3<\/jats:italic> might be involved in different yet crucial immune functions in the <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> antinematode immune response. Similar findings will promote the development of new targets for species\u2010specific pest control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T21:03:59Z","timestamp":1534280639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Imaginal Disc Growth Factors 2 and 3 participate in the <i>Drosophila<\/i> response to nematode infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Shruti","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4822-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Eleftherianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3468-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1443-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1690-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.10.3147-3154.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353734"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02740-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2061250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-013-9734-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01567-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010000508"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442351"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.117.041004","article-title":"RNAseq analysis of the Drosophila response to the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema","volume":"7","author":"Yadav S","year":"2017","journal-title":"G3: Genes \u2010 Genomes \u2010 Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000320634"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)00756-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.2.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261573998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.221458698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00683-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408220200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00462.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.11.2568"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects9010017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201540277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"52096","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro rearing of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae)","volume":"91","author":"McMullen JG","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0634-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403789101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01949"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2443.2006.00953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.075846"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00364.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.385-394.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4776-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.129346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408224111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5030058"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpim.12581","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.12581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T12:31:29Z","timestamp":1694953889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.12581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.12581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12581","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12581"}}