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We collected blood and stool from 54<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected Ugandans, isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and stimulated them for 24\u00a0hours with schistosome adult worm and soluble egg antigens (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AWA<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEA<\/jats:styled-content>), along with schistosomula recombinant proteins rSmKK7, Lymphocyte Antigen 6 isoforms (rSmLy6A and rSmLy6B), tetraspanin isoforms (rSmTSP6 and rSmTSP7). Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were measured in the culture supernatants using a multiplex luminex assay, and infection intensity was determined before and at 1\u00a0year after praziquantel (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PZQ<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment using the Kato\u2010Katz method. Cellular responses were grouped and the relationship between groups of correlated cellular responses and infection intensity before and after<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PZQ<\/jats:styled-content>treatment was investigated.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AWA<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEA<\/jats:styled-content>induced mainly Th2 responses. In contrast, rSmLy6B, rSmTSP6 and rSmTSP7 induced Th1\/pro\u2010inflammatory responses. While recombinant antigens rSmKK7 and rSmLy6A did not induce a Th1\/pro\u2010inflammatory response, they had an association with pre\u2010treatment infection intensity after adjusting for age and sex. Testing more schistosomula antigens using this approach could provide immune\u2010epidemiology identifiers necessary for prioritizing next generation schistosomiasis vaccine candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T22:54:02Z","timestamp":1537570442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>schistosomula antigens induce Th1\/Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Moses","family":"Egesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical Sciences Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda"},{"name":"Medical Research Council\/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit Entebbe 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