{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:55:27Z","timestamp":1790834127014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,28]],"date-time":"2018-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"DST INSPIRE Faculty Award of Department of Science & Technology","award":["201400003159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201400003159"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gamma delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells exhibit potent anti\u2010<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> activity but are also implicated in the immunopathology of malaria. It is currently poorly understood how \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are affected in human suffering from <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> infection or in symptomless individuals living in an endemic region. We examined both the percentages and expression of markers associated with immune exhaustion in \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in individuals living in a <jats:italic>P.\u00a0vivax<\/jats:italic> endemic region by flow cytometry. The percentage of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the blood was significantly higher both in acute <jats:italic>P.\u00a0vivax<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive patients and in individuals from an endemic region in comparison with control uninfected adults. The frequency of the expression of the exhaustion markers\u2010Tim\u20103, Lag\u20103, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 was higher in \u03b3\u03b4 and total T cells from <jats:italic>P.\u00a0vivax<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected patients than in those populations from control uninfected adults. Individuals from a <jats:italic>P.\u00a0vivax<\/jats:italic> endemic region showed elevated percentages of Tim\u20103\u2010, Lag\u20103\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104\u2010positive \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and an increased percentage of Tim\u20103\u2010positive total T cells. The phenotypic exhaustion of these cells might be a protective mechanism preventing the immunopathology associated with activated T cells and may provide a rationale for targeted manipulation of this process in diseases such as malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T01:06:19Z","timestamp":1538442379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exposure to <i>Plasmodium vivax<\/i> is associated with the increased expression of exhaustion markers on \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5513-3298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimpu","family":"Gogoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Centre NE Region Indian Council of Medical Research  Dibrugarh Assam 786001 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