{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:32:30Z","timestamp":1753878750686,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI119168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI119168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK113504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK113504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mouse bladder wall injection with <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> eggs has been used to overcome limitations in animal models of urogenital schistosomiasis. However, the effect of the absence of cercarial infection on immune responses to eggs in this model is unknown. We hypothesized that cercarial infection would alter local bladder and systemic immune responses to eggs in this model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were infected or not infected with <jats:italic>S\u00a0haematobium<\/jats:italic> cercariae, and then, their bladder walls injected with <jats:italic>S\u00a0haematobium<\/jats:italic> eggs or vehicle 5\u00a0weeks following cercarial infection. Three weeks later, mice were bled, sacrificed, perfused and their bladders harvested. Parasitological parameters and gross bladder pathology were not changed in egg\u2010injected bladders by cercarial exposure. Figure <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#pim12602-sup-0001\">S1<\/jats:ext-link> shows no changes in either granulomas or fibrosis. The only bladder cytokine upregulated in egg\u2010injected bladders by cercarial exposure (vs no exposure) was leptin. Cercarial exposure, compared to no exposure, resulted in increased serum, IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u201013 and TGF\u2010\u03b2 in bladder egg\u2010injected mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cercarial exposure altered systemic responses of several cytokines in bladder egg\u2010injected mice, but surprisingly, only modified leptin expression in bladder tissue. This suggests that depending on the specific application, cercarial exposure may not be strictly necessary to model local immune responses in the bladder wall egg injection mouse model of urogenital schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T07:13:27Z","timestamp":1542006807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Schistosoma haematobium<\/i> cercarial infection alters subsequent systemic immune responses to eggs but has minimal impact on immune responses to egg injection of the bladder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Le","family":"Loc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evaristus C.","family":"Mbanefo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Khludenev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Lamanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirad","family":"Banskota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9650-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Urology Children's National Health System  Washington District of Columbia"},{"name":"The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00029-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"643","article-title":"Developmental bilharziasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni discovered 37\u00a0years after infestation","volume":"78","author":"Chabasse D","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90134-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287397509529319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(07)65004-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000210614.45212.0a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990552"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Experimental schistosomiasis in primates in Tanzania. 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