{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:34:28Z","timestamp":1762079668075,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010485","name":"Japan Student Services Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010485","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT082028MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT082028MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005627","name":"Thrasher Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have reported that chemotherapy of schistosomiasis by praziquantel in humans boosts protective antibody responses against <jats:italic>S\u00a0mansoni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S\u00a0haematobium<\/jats:italic>. A number of studies have reported schistosome\u2010specific antibody levels before and after chemotherapy. Using these reports, a meta\u2010analysis was conducted to identify predictors of population level change in schistosome\u2010specific antibody levels after chemotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following a systematic review, 92 observations from 26 articles published between 1988 and 2013 were included in this study. Observations were grouped by antigen type and antibody isotypes for the classification and regression tree (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CART<\/jats:styled-content>) analysis. The study showed that the change in antibody levels was variable: (a) between different human populations and (b) according to the parasite antigen and antibody isotypes. Thus, while anti\u2010worm responses predominantly increased after chemotherapy, anti\u2010egg responses decreased or did not show a significant trend. The change in antibody levels depended on a combination of age and infection intensity for anti\u2010egg IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and anti\u2010worm IgM and IgG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study results are consistent with praziquantel treatment boosting anti\u2010worm antibody responses. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in post\u2010treatment changes in specific antibody levels that is related to host age and pre\u2010treatment infection intensity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T08:49:42Z","timestamp":1542962982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Population level changes in schistosome\u2010specific antibody levels following chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3910-5574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mizuho","family":"Fukushige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immunity Infection &amp; Evolution College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Mutapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research Centre for Immunity Infection &amp; Evolution School of Biological Sciences NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to\u00a0Benefit Africa (TIBA) University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.J.","family":"Woolhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immunity Infection &amp; Evolution, and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences &amp; Informatics College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Schistosomiasis\u00a0Fact sheet N\u00b0115.2015;http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs115\/en\/. 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