{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:38:42Z","timestamp":1787225922587,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["348\u20102014\u20102819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["348\u20102014\u20102819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic> exposure often results in subclinical infection in immunocompetent individuals, and the factors dictating development of visceral leishmaniasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>) are not known. Infection with intestinal worms skew immunity towards type 2 and regulatory responses, thereby theoretically increases susceptibility to intracellular infections controlled by type 1 responses. Here we have tested how chronic infection with the intestinal nematode <jats:italic>Heligmosomoides polygyrus<\/jats:italic> affected immunity to a secondary infection with <jats:italic>L\u00a0donovani<\/jats:italic>. We found that mice infected with <jats:italic>H\u00a0polygyrus<\/jats:italic> displayed higher <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> burden in liver and spleen compared to worm\u2010free animals. This increased infectious load was accompanied by reduced leucocyte infiltration and <jats:italic>nos2<\/jats:italic> transcription in livers and increased <jats:italic>il4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>il10<\/jats:italic> transcription in spleens. Collectively, these data show that chronic infection with intestinal nematodes skew immune responses in a way that may favour development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T17:16:39Z","timestamp":1549905399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Intestinal nematode infection exacerbates experimental visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1638-4550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cajsa","family":"Classon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv","family":"Eidsmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Nyl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05040-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500970"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2736"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb7100011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"WHO.Soil\u2010transmitted helminth infections Fact Sheet: World Health Organization; 2017 [updated January\u20102017; cited 2017 23\u2010May]. Soil\u2010transmitted helminth infections Fact Sheet]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0347-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/509808"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005442"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00729-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.07.004"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4978","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.4978-4983.1997","article-title":"Progression of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in BALB\/c mice is markedly slowed by prior infection with Trichinella spiralis","volume":"65","author":"Rousseau D","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2010.01273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.03004-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.8.5306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000800008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/639304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6284-6293.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.60"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpim.12618","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.12618","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pim.12618","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.12618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T05:14:47Z","timestamp":1694409287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.12618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.12618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12618","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12618"}}