{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:32:33Z","timestamp":1753878753919,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/jats:italic>, an extracellular eukaryotic flagellate parasite, is the main etiological agent of human African trypanosomiasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAT<\/jats:styled-content>) or sleeping sickness. Dendritic cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s) play a pivotal role at the interface between innate and adaptive immune response and are implicated during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAT<\/jats:styled-content>. In this study, we investigated the effects of <jats:italic>T\u00a0gambiense<\/jats:italic> and its excreted\/secreted factors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESF<\/jats:styled-content>) on the phenotype of human monocyte\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s (Mo\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s). Mo\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s were cultured with trypanosomes, lipopolysaccharide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESF<\/jats:styled-content> derived from <jats:italic>T\u00a0gambiense<\/jats:italic> bloodstream strain Biyamina (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHOM<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\/82), or both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>. Importantly, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESF<\/jats:styled-content> reduced the expression of the maturation markers <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>83, as well as the secretion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010alpha and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulated Mo\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s. During mixed\u2010leucocyte reactions, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 plus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010exposed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s induced a non\u2010significant decrease in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010gamma\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 ratio of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4\u00a0+\u00a0T\u2010cell cytokines. Based on the results presented here, we raise the hypothesis that <jats:italic>T\u00a0gambiense<\/jats:italic> has developed an immune escape strategy through the secretion of paracrine mediators in order to limit maturation and activation of human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s. The identification of the factor(s) in the <jats:italic>T\u00a0gambiense <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESF<\/jats:styled-content> and of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s signalling pathway(s) involved may be important in the development of new therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T19:57:26Z","timestamp":1558036646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/i> excreted\/secreted factors impair lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced maturation and activation of human monocyte\u2010derived dendritic cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7727-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric\u2010Antoine","family":"Dauchy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie UMR IRD CIRAD INTERTRYP 177 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"UMR INTERTRYP 177 IRD\u2010CIRAD\u2010University of Bordeaux Montpellier France"},{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases H\u00f4pital Pellegrin CHU de Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Contin\u2010Bordes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunog\u00e9n\u00e9tique CHU de Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"UMR 5164 CIRID University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romaric","family":"Nzoumbou\u2010Boko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie UMR IRD CIRAD INTERTRYP 177 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"UMR INTERTRYP 177 IRD\u2010CIRAD\u2010University of Bordeaux Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Bonhivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 UMR 5234 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 UMR 5234 CNRS Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Landrein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 UMR 5234 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 UMR 5234 CNRS Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derrick R.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 UMR 5234 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 UMR 5234 CNRS Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Rambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquiderm INSERM U 1035 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierrette","family":"Courtois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie UMR IRD CIRAD INTERTRYP 177 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"UMR INTERTRYP 177 IRD\u2010CIRAD\u2010University of Bordeaux Montpellier 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