{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:34:51Z","timestamp":1762079691594,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti\u2010CTLA\u20104 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on 26\u2010kDa glutathione\u2010S\u2010transferase (GST) vaccine\u2013induced immunity against <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice immunized with GST before infection with <jats:italic>S\u00a0japonicum<\/jats:italic> cercariae were injected with anti\u2010CTLA\u20104 mAb. Worm reduction rate of GST was increased from 25.41% in mice with GST immunization to 52.48% in mice with GST plus anti\u2010CTLA\u20104 mAb. The percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly higher following administration of both GST and anti\u2010CTLA\u20104 mAb, or anti\u2010CTLA\u20104 mAb alone. Elevated levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20102, IL\u20104 and IL\u20105 were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results demonstrated that CTLA\u20104 may inhibit the protective effect of GST vaccine, and anti\u2010CTLA\u20104 mAb may be used as an adjuvant to enhance the immune protection conferred by the GST vaccine by enhancing Th1\u2010 and Th2\u2010type immune response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T16:22:56Z","timestamp":1558714976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Administration of anti\u2010CTLA\u20104 monoclonal antibody augments protective immunity induced by <i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i> 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