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A common hallmark of experimental murine infections is the occurrence of inflammation and the associated remodelling of the spleen compartment. The latter involves the depletion of several lymphocyte populations, the induction of T\u2010cell\u2010mediated immune suppression, and the activation of monocyte\/macrophage cell populations. Here, we show that in experimental <jats:italic>T\u00a0b\u00a0brucei<\/jats:italic> infections in mice, these changes are accompanied by the alteration of the spleen neutrophil compartment. Indeed, mature neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the spleen, and cell numbers remain elevated during the entire infection. Following the second peak of parasitemia, the neutrophil cell influx coincides with the rapid reduction of splenic marginal zone (MZ)B and follicular (Fo)B cells, as well as CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T and NK1.1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, the latter encompassing both natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells. This report is the first to show a comprehensive overview of all alterations in spleen cell populations, measured with short intervals throughout the entire course of an experimental <jats:italic>T\u00a0b\u00a0brucei<\/jats:italic> infection. These data provide new insights into the dynamic interlinked changes in spleen cell numbers associated with trypanosomosis\u2010associated immunopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]],"date-time":"2019-07-20T13:03:50Z","timestamp":1563627830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<i>Trypanosoma brucei brucei<\/i> causes a rapid and persistent influx of neutrophils in the spleen of infected mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violette","family":"Deleeuw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biomedical Research Ghent University Global Campus Incheon South Korea"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hien Thi Thu","family":"Ph\u1ea1m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biomedical Research Ghent University Global Campus Incheon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"De Poorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biomedical Research Ghent University Global Campus Incheon South Korea"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Hematology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibo","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biomedical Research Ghent University Global Campus Incheon South 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Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Magez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biomedical Research Ghent University Global Campus Incheon South Korea"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University Ghent 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