{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:06:51Z","timestamp":1758125211654,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010679","name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two species of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>L.\u00a0tropica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>, are among the main causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Arginase (ARG) is an essential enzyme for cell growth, thus an attractive drug target. In this study, we tried to survey the inhibitory impact of ARG by nor\u2010NOHA (N\u2010\u03c9\u2010hydroxy\u2010L\u2010nor\u2010arginine) on in vivo infection caused by <jats:italic>L.\u00a0tropica<\/jats:italic>. BALB\/c mice were inoculated with <jats:italic>L.\u00a0tropica<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>EGFP\u2010LUC<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>Ltrop<\/jats:italic>) or <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>EGFP\u2010LUC<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>Lmj<\/jats:italic>) and then were treated by nor\u2010NOHA. ARG inhibitor only indicated a delay in generation of a cutaneous lesion in inoculated footpad with nor\u2010NOHA\u2010<jats:italic>Ltrop<\/jats:italic> and nor\u2010NOHA\u2010<jats:italic>Lmj<\/jats:italic>. ARG activity has been significantly reduced in nor\u2010NOHA\u2010<jats:italic>Ltrop<\/jats:italic> group. In this group, ARG activity inhibition correlated with increased levels of nitric oxide (NO). In both inoculated mice with <jats:italic>Ltrop<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Lmj<\/jats:italic>, parasite load showed a significant decrease at later steps during the CL course post\u2010treatment. In vivo bioluminescence intensity did not show any ARG's inhibitory effect on treated\u2010<jats:italic>Ltrop<\/jats:italic>. The findings verified that the ARG activity may partially control the <jats:italic>L.\u00a0tropica<\/jats:italic> infection in BALB\/c mice through reduction of parasite proliferation and parasite killing through NO generation. This effect is dose\u2010dependent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,7]],"date-time":"2019-12-07T14:40:38Z","timestamp":1575729638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The outcome of arginase activity inhibition in BALB\/c mice hosting <i>Leishmania tropica<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Shima","family":"Nahidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotherapy and <i>Leishmania<\/i> Vaccine Research Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotherapy and <i>Leishmania<\/i> Vaccine Research Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran 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